Unlimited Confusion & Desolation

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Grundlagen der Sicherheitspharmakologie:

Februar 2009 (Basel)

(20 Fragen mit jeweils a) und b), 45 Minuten Zeit, Multiple Choice, englisch)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10 Tiere sterben in präklinischer Studie aus Gründen, die nichts mit der Testsubstanz zu tun haben, muss ich dokumentieren? (ja)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Februar 2010/11 (Basel)

Guidelines:

- rough design first in man (FIM)

- ICH S7A, core battery for which organ systems

- how to perform an integrated risk assessment

Heart:

- basic role of HERG channel

- membrane potential: by which ion species

- definition of cardiac output

- preferred animal species for QT measurement

- basic design of TQT study

CNS:

- mechanism for some common drugs (for better mood)

- CNS core battery: which studies

- animal models for drug dependency

RS:

- drugs that effect the respiratory system

- parameters tested for RS

- what kind of effects cannot be detected my measuring ventilation parameters

GI system:

- when should studies be performed

- frequent GI system-related side effects

Kidney:

- markers for tubular damage

- markers for nephron damage

- drugs that induce acute kidney damage

Oncology:

- basic scope of ICHS9

- hERG channel evaluation of antibodies

Chronobiology:

- definition circardian rhythm/biological rhythm

- location of master clock

 

 

Februar 2012 (Basel)

(Multiple Choice, 43 Fragen unter Angabe wie viele richtige Antworten, Gruppe A und B mit gleichen Fragen aber unterschiedlicher Reihenfolge, 45 Minuten Zeit, Englisch)

-           activities not done in P0/PI

-           what to be performed before Phase 0/1 in drug development process

-           tox studies needed for first into man (FIM) (SP, Genotox, General Tox)

-           what is required in guideline of Safety Pharmacology

-           when can a waiver be applied for ICS S7A

-           ICH S7B, which assays for nonclinical methodologies

-           ICH S9, under which conditions = waivers

-           ions responsible for upstroke of action potential during depolarization (Na+)

-           mechanism/function of Ca2+ during contraction (ca induced Ca release, cellular contraction)

-           definition/formula for cardiac output (stroke volume x heart rate)

-           major function to be maintained by CV system (blood pressure, brain perfusion)

-           in vivo CV animal model: when anesthetized animals useful (when high dose required)

-           not suitable animal species for CV (mouse, rat)

-           pacemaker heart (sinus node)

-           different statements regarding arrhythmias (to be judged corrector not)

-           TQT study, when positive

-           TQT study, positive control use (moxifloxaxin)

-           female, higher risk for TdP

-           drugs acting on the glutamatergic receptor/neurotransmission (Memantine, Phencyclidine)

-           mechanism of action for cocaine

-           animal models to investigate drug dependency potential (withdrawal, self administration/place preference, drug discrimination)

-           CNS-core battery

-           most frequent drug side effects (headache, dizziness)

-           location of respiratory center in brain (brain stem)

-           characteristics/function of alveoli, impairment in COPD

-           definition Tidal Volume

-           which animal models for nausea (gastric emptying, gastric secretion)

-           effect of different drugs on GI function

-           ferret and dogs as animal models for GI side effects

-           use of ussing chamber

-           endpoints of studies, differences safety pharmacology vs. tox studies (in SP – endpoints are on day 1)

-           SP studies for biologics, requirement/waiver

-           kidney, main function/effect of kidney on drugs

-           kidney, drugs with acute effects on (Gentamicin, Formoterol)

-           hERG assay requirement for biologics

-           ICH S9 guideline, scope

-           risk assessment, definition of NOAEL

-           risk assessment, what to consider (specificity, sensitivity, predictivity of applied models)

-           GLP, responsibility for GLP compliance of test facility (facility management)

-           GLP, 10 animals in control group died, documentation (yes)

-           GLP, during ongoing study decision to take additional plasma samples, how to document (study plan amendment before plasma samples)

-           chronobiology, circadian rhythm, biological rhythm, location of master clock, effect on food uptake, effect on drug PK

-           case study, proceed into FIM although some SP findings (yes, if safe starting dose and stopping criteria)   

-           Definition therapeutic index

-           QT related questions – true or false? (one statement – QT changes temperature sensitive – only in minipigs? – No)

CV-part:

-           what effects does Calcium trigger

-           what assays are used to assess ion channel activities

-           what CV-endpoints can be established in studies of Safety Pharmacology

-           what and in what priorities are different parts maintained stable by the cardiovascular system

-           advantages/disadvantages of different models and in what situations one preferred over another

-           what is the main pacemaker in heart tissue

-           the definition of a valid QT-study

-           what compound is used in CV-studies as positive control

-           how does the QT and following consequences of females differ from the one of males

CNS-part:

-           what is to be assessed in the CNS-studies

-           how is drug interaction assessed in CNS-studies

-           function of cocaine, amphetamines, "angel dust"

-           what are additional CNS studies

-           most frequent diseases in new drugs

Respiration, kidney, GI-part, GLP, RA & drugs in oncology:

-           where (in body) is respiration controlled

-           typical respiration diseases

-           main functions of kidney

-           GI-models for nausea

-           timing in achieving endpoints in contrast to typical tox-studies

-           relevance of hERG-assays in oncology

-           how does regulation and studies for oncology-drugs differ

-           who is responsible for GLP compliance of testing facility

-           not-item related death in a study – to be documented? when in process of study/study report etc.

-           change in study-program (change of day of analysis due to first analytic results) - – to be documented? when in process of study/study report etc.? Who is to be informed?

-           definition of therapeutic index

 

 

 

Februar 2017 (Basel)

Aus ca 45 Multiple Choice Fragen zu Safety Pharmacology in Basel 2017: Viele Fragen bestanden aus 3-5 Aussagen und man musste die richtigen ankreuzen bzw. welche Kombination richtig ist. Es wurde immer angegeben, wie viele man ankreuzen muss.

 

What is the mechanism of cocaine in the synapse?

Which amino acid is needed to synthesize dopamine?

How large is the tidal volume of humans in mL?

What has to be tested according to ICH S7A for CNS?

What apart from drugs can affect the QT?

Which species is used for in vivo CV studies?

Who signs the quality assurance (GLP)?

What has to be done, if 10 animals die non-drug related in a study (GLP)?

Kim1 is a kidney injury marker for which part (possible answers: glomerulus, proximal tubule...)?

What controls the respiratory activity?

Which tissue is the main pace maker of the heart?

Which organisms have circadian rhythms?

When is the cortisol concentration the highest in humans?

Night and day active species?

Do circadian rhythms influence in vivo study results?

Can the magnitude of toxic effects be influenced by circadian rhythms?

Nocturnal dippers

Which species are used nausea testing?

According to ICH S9, under which conditions no stand alone safety pharm is needed?

Definitions of tidal volume, cardiac output, minute volume,

Correction of QT ( how? Quality control? For every species the same formula?)

What leads to vasodilation?

A substance accumulates in the heart during repeated dosing. How should the safety pharm study be designed?

On which days after dosing are endpoints measured in Safety pharmacology?

In which phase (1-4) takes the QT prolongation place? (question was difficult to understand)

Which assays measure the functionality of ion channels?

Which ion channel is investigated? (K, Na, Ca?)

A safety pharm study is integrated in a repeated dose tox study. Does it matter if the safety pharm endpoints are measured after the first dose or can it also be done after another dosing?

 

 

Neue Fragen? Dann maile sie sofort an herbsjo1@gmx.de

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Last Update: 17. April 2017